Fedex vs. Ups

THE BATTLE FOR VALUE, 2004: FEDEX CORP. VS. UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. Executive Summary: As the U. S. package delivery business segment matured, International segment became the battle ground for the two package delivery giants – FedEx and UPS. FedEx is considered to be the innovative, entrepreneurial, inventor of customer logistical management, and an operational leader. UPS, on the other hand, is considered to be big, bureaucratic, and industry follower, although UPS is shedding this negative image with newer innovations. FedEx Corp. started in 1971, by the end of 2003; it had nearly $15. billion in assets, net income of $830 million on revenues of about $22. 5 billion and shipped more than 5. 4 million packages daily. UPS, Inc. founded in 1907, by the end of 2003; it had $28. 9 billion in assets, net income of $2. 9 billion on revenues of $33. 4 billion, and with excellent (AAA) bond rating. The struggle to deliver value and dominate the package delivery market between Fe dEx and UPS has reached titanic proportions and clearly evident from their respective expenditures. Between 1992 and 2003, capital expenditures for FedEx and UPS rose at an annualized rate of 34. 64% and 36. 78%, respectively. Currently both companies are matching each other’s investments in capital almost exactly. Placing ourselves in the center of the battle of giants and using the data provided in the Exhibits 1 through 11, we try to answer the following questions in this case analysis. 1: Who is creating more value and how? 2: Who is destroying the value? FedEx’s growth strategy is â€Å"Produce superior financial returns for shareholders by providing high value added supply chain, transportation, business and related information services through focused operating companies competing collectively, and managed collaboratively under FedEx brand†. UPS’s growth strategy is â€Å"Serve the evaluation distribution, logistics and commerce needs of customers with excellence and value in all services. With strong financials and broad employee ownership provide long-term competitive returns to the shareholders†. FedEx’s financial ratios are improving while UPS has far better ratios in liquidity, leverage, and profitability. UPS has consistently paid and increased dividends while FedEx just started paying dividends in 2003. FedEx’s EPS comp. annual growth rate (CAGR) 1992 -2003 is 27. 54% compared to UPS’s 13. 9%. However, since going public 1999, UPS has better EPS Compounded Annual growth rate (CAGR) compared to FedEx– 34. 30% vs. 6. 98%. UPS has far better Cum. Total market returns than FedEx – 705. 95% vs. 528. 02%. UPS has far better EVA(2003) compared to FedEx – $1,195 million vs. $170 million. MVA(2003) for UPS also far better than FedEx – $11,816 million vs. $69,31 5 million. By looking at the calculations above we can clearly say that both UPS and FedEx created value, but UPS has created more value for shareholders than FedEx. Case Analysis Detail: We start with analyzing both companies using the data provided in the book in the exhibits 1 through 11. We start the Economic profit analysis of both FedEx and UPS by review and analyzing the Return on Net Assets (RONA). A Return on Net Assets Ratio determines whether the institution is financially better off than in previous years by measuring total economic return. A decline in this ratio may be appropriate and even warranted if it reflects a strategy to better fulfill the institution's mission. An improving trend in this ratio indicates that the institution is increasing its net assets and s likely to be able to set aside financial resources [pic] to strengthen its future financial flexibility. Looking at the graph generated from data presented in Exhibits 9 & 10, shows from 1992 to 1994 the ratio for FedEx is improving while it is decreasing for UPS, although it is still well below UPS figures. A quick look at Exhibit 4, we did not find any competitive developments to support th e movement of the ratio for both companies. To get more insight into this movement for FedEx and UPS we check the Activity Analysis specifically the Asset turn over ratios for both companies. Review the Fixed asset turnover and Total asset turnover for FedEx and UPS for the period 1992-1994, it is observed that UPS is utilizing its assets better during this period – see graph below. [pic] Although by itself this ratio number can be misleading, since companies with lower margins can have higher asset turnover rations. In order to understand the real impact of asset turnover ratio we need to combine with margin ratio and then determine if it’s pricing strategy by UPS that is generating this high ratio or in fact UPS is much more efficient in using its assets than FedEx. Looking at the numbers for this period for both companies using Exhibits 2&3, we observed that UPS has far better Net profit margins compared [pic] to FedEx’s, that points to high asset turnover due to its pricing strategy. As we see in the above graph, UPS Asset ratios are declining while FedEx assets ratios are improving and correspondingly FedEx-RONA is also improving though lacking behind UPS’s RONA ratio even though FedEx has greatly improved their asset turnover ratios, the Net Profit margins are still well below UPS (see Net Profit Margin graph above). Does this mean UPS is creating more value than FedEx as shown by RONA graph? We need more concrete data to answer this question. Although RONA has a strong virtue of usage, as compared to traditional methods for measuring company success, is that it also considers the assets a company uses to achieve its output. However, RONA can’t alone be used to determine who is creating value to destroying value, because managers might bypass value-creating activities because they would reduce RONA (a risk if RONA is greater than WACC), or they might undertake value-destroying activities because they would increase RONA (if RONA is less than WACC). Moreover, since RONA does not explicitly measures capital charges, we need to analyze Economic Value Added to determine who is creating or destroying value. Ultimately maximizing EVA should rather be seen as the key financial success than maximizing RONA. [pic] Above graph shows from 1992 to 1994 both companies were destroying Economic value, UPS less than FedEx. 1995 UPS created $217 million value while FedEx was still in the negative territory. This is when UPS launched â€Å"guaranteed 8 A. M. overnight delivery† (Exhibit 4 – Timeline of Competitive Developments). This was frontal attack on FedEx who has â€Å"offers 10 A. M. delivery† (Exhibit 4 – Timeline of Competitive Developments). UPS EVA dropped to negative $138 million due to the strike by its union workers which cost UPS $700 million revenues. Interesting to see from the graph is that FedEx could not capitalize on this opportunity as its EVA was down by $215 million. In fact the graph shows, FedEx destroyed EVA from 1992 till 2002 and the only year it was able to create EVA was in 2003 by the amount of $170 million compared to UPS of $1,195 million. In year 2003, UPS EVA was whopping 703% more than FedEx. Reviewing numbers and graph, in the tech bubble of 2000-2002, UPS still maintain positive EVA while FedEx delivered negative EVA. Looking at the above graph and correlating it against the Exhibit 4, the positive EVA of FedEx can be lined up with Kinko’s Purchase in year 2003. [pic] Analyzing the cumulative Economic Value Added (EVA-Cum) graph, from year 1992 to 2003, FedEx destroyed $2. 2 billion ($2,252 Million) economic value while UPS has created $4. billion ($4,328 million) in economic value. This answers the questions put forward in the executive summary. But we will go further and analyze the Market Value Added (MVA) for each company to support our argument that UPS created more value than FedEx. [pic] Since going public in 1999, UPS has created close to $70 billion in Market Value Added (MVA) as compared FedEx’s $11 billion MVA. This shows UPS has created substantial values for the shareholders far better t han FedEx. Since FedEx’s MVA is not negative, it shows they did not destroyed value for the shareholders but UPS created more value for the shareholders. This is amazing achievement for UPS that is considered big and bureaucratic while FedEx is considered the innovative. What is the key to UPS’s success even being heavily unionized? The Key is efficiency. Business week wrote â€Å"Every route is timed down to the traffic light. Each Vehicle was engineered to exacting specifications. And the drivers endure a daily routine calibrated down to the minute. We can analyze UPS’s efficiency by analyzing the ratios and comparing them against FedEx’s financial and analytical ratios. Using exhibits 2 and 3, graphing the data, comparison shows UPS activity ratios are weakening and FedEx is doing great job in improving. [pic] The Average days outstanding for UPS have increased from approximately 25 in 1992 to over 50 in 2003. FedEx on the other hand, has done better job to manag e the average days outstanding. Average Days outstanding by itself doesn’t mean much and it must be analyzed with other activity ratios to conclude result. pic] The working capital turnover comparison shows except for 1993 FedEx has done better compared to UPS. The WC_Turnover for FedEx was 41. 25 in 2003 compared to 7. 72 for UPS, indicated FedEx is generated far more sales compared to cash it uses to fund these sales as compared to UPS. [pic] FedEx’s fixed and total asset turnover ratio is better than UPS. This indicates FedEx is using its asset better than UPS to generate sales. Although by itself this ratio number can be misleading, since companies with lower margins can have higher asset turnover rations. In order to understand the real impact of asset turnover ratio we need to combine with margin ratio and then determine if it’s pricing strategy by FedEx that is generating this high ratio or in fact FedEx is much more efficient in using its assets than UPS. Looking at the numbers for 2003 for both companies, FedEx with 3. 69% Net profit margins compared to UPS’s 8. 65% seems to have high asset turnover due to its pricing strategy. The above graph shows that activity financial ratios of FedEx are improving while they are weakening for UPS. Next we analyze Liquidity Ratios of both companies to see which company has the ability to pay its obligations in timely manner with minimal cost. [pic] The Current Ratio of UPS is better and improving than FedEx. The anomaly in 1999 for UPS was due to the public offering of its securities. The graph shows both companies can service their short-term debt, its UPS that has more efficient operating cycle than FedEx. The graph shows FedEx’s CR is improving but still behind its top competitor UPS. [pic] UPS has better cash ratio and thus can service its short term debt more comfortably than FedEx. This also indicates that UPS has less debt than FedEx too. The anomaly in 1999 is due to public offering of UPS securities. The graph shows UPS Cash ratio offer better safety of margin than FedEx when it needs to service its debt. Although FedEx’s Cash Ratio is improving but it is still behind UPS. Reviewing the Cash flow from operations ratio and Defensive interval shows that UPS has better liquidity ratios than FedEx and can handle short term cash requirement more efficiently, though FedEx’s ratios are improving. The above graphs show UPS has better liquidity ratios than FedEx. Now we review the Long-Term Debt and Solvency analysis of both companies. The below graph shows FedEx is more leveraged than UPS, though FedEx’s leverage position is improving. Graph shows UPS’s leverage was high in 2001 and 2002, we can find the answer in Exhibit 4 – Timeline of Competitive Development – UPS acquired all-cargo air service in Latin America 2000 and acquired Mail Boxes Etc. retail franchise in 2001. While in 2003 FedEx acquired Kinko’s which could explained higher leverage compared to UPS. pic] The Capital Expenditure Ratio shows, both companies actually almost matching each other’s Capital expense. Exhibit 4 –Timeline of Competitive Developments shows the details of the major Capital expenses by both companies in competition to gain competitive advantage. Both companies made acquisitions to grow in different fields. [pic] The above graphs shows UPS is co nsistently leveraged low while FedEx is improving. Next we analyze the profitability analysis for both companies. Data from Exhibit 2 & 3 shows, FedEx’s profitability is worse UPS. PS beat FedEx in almost all profitability ratios by handsome margin. It is evident from 2003 numbers for Net Profit Margins 3. 69% and 8. 65% for FedEx and UPS respectively. The following graph shows the comparison of profitability of both companies. [pic] Finally, we review the growth analysis of both companies. Exhibit 2 & 3, provides the picture that shows FedEx growth is higher than UPS. [pic] The below graphs summarizes and compares both companies EPS, Dividend payout, Stock price, and PE ratios. [pic] UPS’s stock price shows since going public, it has delivered better value to its shareholders than FedEx. [pic] The above graph shows, UPS has consistently paid and increased dividends to its shareholders, while FedEx started dividend payout in 2003. [pic] UPS has a higher EPS growth than FedEx implies that FedEx has been unable to translate net income growth into high EPS growth. Hence, our analysis conclude that both UPS and FedEx created value for their shareholders, but UPS created more value than FedEx in the long run.

Forensic Science Unit Two Text Questions Essay

1. What is a questioned document? Describe at least one example of something that might be a questioned document. – A questioned document is when a handwritten or any other type written document is questioned by its authenticity. A great example would be a passport. 2. What is an exemplar? What are the best types of exemplars? -Exemplars are samples that are authentic that are compared with the document that’s questioned. 3. What are natural variations? Describe how these may happen. -They are small differences that appear repeated samples of someones handwriting. Overtime our handwriting changes because every time we write something our hand changes the way we write. 4. How are stamped signatures different from written signatures? -Stamped signatures are always the same and written signatures change every time that you write them. 5. What are some of the typescript machines that document examiners may have to investigate? Choose one of these machines and describe what document examiners may look for when comparing the machine to a questioned document. Some of the typescript machines are called the Daisy Wheel Printer and the Dox Matrix Printer. A Daisy Wheel Printer is very similar to a ball-head typerwriter. They may look for a disc which is either made up of Plastic or Metal, thats where characters stand out. 1. Why are questioned documents important in forensic science? What is one example of a situation where a questioned document might be an important part of a criminal case? – Questioned Documents are important in Forensic Science because it can help figure out if a signature is Forged or not. For example if somebody steals money through a check, they can check the signature and see if the signature is forged or not which will help know if the check is real or not. 2. What are some of the ways that a document examiner might try to match a questioned document to a specific typewriter? What aspects might they look at? – Some of the ways that a documented examiner might try to match a  questioned document to a specific typewriter would be to match the handwriting,they could also look at different changes made in the handwriting. 3. Imagine that you have been asked to determine whether a signature on a check is authentic or a forgery. What steps would you take in doing this? What aspects would you examine? I would first examine the signature and get a hold of any papers that were signed by the same person and see how many similarities they have and how many differences they have. I would examine every little change that happens. 4. Imagine that you have been asked to determine whether a will written fifty years ago is authentic or a modern-day forgery. How would you go about doing this? What aspects would you examine to help you make your determination? -I would examine the handwriting and I would also use a Daisy Wheel Printer to figure out all of the information. 5. A law enforcement agent is in charge of getting a writing sample from an uncooperative suspect. The agent puts the suspect in a comfortable room and has the person choose from a bunch of pencils and ink pens. The agent takes the questioned document and dictates the information to the suspect, having the suspect write down what she says as she reads from the questioned document. After several paragraphs, the agent stops and has the suspect rewrite the material two more times. What did the agent do wrong in this situation? What did the agent do right? – What the agent did wrong is that he made him write it two or more times because every time that he writes it over again the handwriting changes. What he did do write was make him write everything he says as he dictates the information to the suspect. That way they can see whether the handwriting matches it or not.

Personal Development: The skills needed to run the business successfully Essay

P3: Describe the skills needed to run the business successfully and what areas require further personal development In this task I would be describing some of the skill to run a business successfully and what areas require further personal development as this all important to have to be a good sole trader. Own Contribution This is one of the many important things to have to run a business well .This is because I am the manager of the business as the leader of the pack I would have to put extra time into the work , stay behind after work to complete extra work , give me staff extra training if they need it . These little things can help the business move forward faster and also it helps me as I know what I am doing is right for the business if I want the business to succeed. Technical/Operational Technical can be very useful as it save time and money. I am very skilful a using the computer I can fix problems very easily on the computer, I am also very good using the basic things like Microsoft word, PowerPoint and publisher this program is very useful as it lets me create leaflets which saves me money as I don’t have to ask another business to create leaflets for me as I know how it is done. I also know how to create a data base which is very helpful as it stores all the information. Product Knowledge Product knowledge is information that I know about my products, for example I have the product knowledge of salsa and knowledge of the product is how it’s made, ingredients and factors such as these. That is what product knowledge. This is important to me because I am the owner of the business I will need to know how to make them and how long to keep them heated or cold, furthermore another importance of knowing this skill is that if any customer’s asks about the product I should be able to tell them because they might be allergic to something m so if I know the product I could tell them information about the product. Management ability Management ability is a skill that a business owner should have in order to run a business also management ability requires controlling and organising  the business well, without management ability the business won’t go the right direction. This skill is important because without having any management skills, it will be hard to manage the business and organise it well also without this skill it will be hard to manage the other employees, and make sure all the bills and everything has been paid in order to have all these things done correctly you need have the management ability. Recording and checking business performance Recording and checking business performance is when the business checks on all the financials records and makes some records from other department too; furthermore this is when a person checks on the business making sure everything is going smooth without any errors. This skill is important because without checking your business performance you won’t know in which areas to improve on. If you don’t check your business performance you wouldn’t know what things are going wrong and right in the business and this will mean that you won’t know what to improve or change it the business. Personal selling Personal selling is having direct contact with my customers and also involves direct contact with the customers and assessing their needs and suggesting suitable product or service solutions, which would help the customer out. This skill is necessary for my business because I am a sole trader so having experience in this would help a lot because I will have to be selling desserts to my customers and making sure that they are satisfied with the product and service they are receiving. I don’t have personal experience in this skill and I will need to learn. Administration Administration is what provides support for businesses operations. This involves keeping records and communicating with external groups such as customers and suppliers by sending letters and invoices and arranging payment. This skill is necessary for my business because I will need it to keep the business organised and to make sure that things don’t go wrong. do not have personal experience in administration and need to gain some experience. Previous Experience I do have previous experience working for a restaurant however I was able to get some experience in how to talk to customers properly and in a polite way to make sure they are satisfied with the service/product that they are receiving. Strengths and weaknesses I have a couple of strengths and these are: I can take risks and good at IT. Taking risks will help me in my business because it is always good to take risks because without taking them you might never know, it could end up good for my business. An example is that I could invest more in better packaging for my customers that like having take-away because this will show them that my business is caring for the customers. However if I did not take that risk of investing a bit more in it, I would have never found out if it would work or not. My strength in IT will help me a lot because I will need this skill for creating cash flow forecasts and even a break even forecast. This will save me money because I would have to hire someone else to do it for me as I have the skills to do it. My weaknesses are that I don’t have any skills in administration yet.

Costs and Benefits of Involving Employees in Decision Making Essay

Costs and Benefits of Involving Employees in Decision Making - Essay Example This presents a wide range of both challenges and benefits, and involves a new way of thinking for many organisations. The level that employees are involved in decision making differs substantially between different organisations. In some cases, the aim is to give employees a voice, but no significant role in the process of decision making, while in other situations, employees have a substantial influence in the way that the organisation is managed and the decisions that are made . Within the European Union, the most common type of employee voice program that is being used is that of indirect voice. This involves the use of collective representation of employees such as through unions or similar structures . However, the involvement of unions continues to decrease worldwide, and employers are turning to other means to understand the desires of their employees. Although involving employees in decision making in a business gives many benefits, such as increased loyalty and efficiency, there are also associated costs. As a term, employee voice can be defined as the way in which employees can express their opinions in regards to decision-making, constructive ideas and work activities that result in change within the company that they are a part of . A more broad definition considers not only employee input in the area of decision making, but employees ‘speaking up’ in any circumstances . For the discussion that follows, the first definition given will be used. It is based on the idea of employees being able to have a ‘say’ in the operation of the company, to feel involved and to feel like their opinions are relevant to the company . In many ways, employee voice can be considered as allowing for a type of democracy to occur within the work place . Two key elements of this are employee involvement and participation. These two terms are treated as the same in many research papers on the topic; however, they have significantly different meanin gs. For employees to be involved in business decisions means that they are kept informed of what decisions are being made, the reasons for these decisions and they suggestions may be listened to. However, the employees generally have little power, and for the most part their decisions are ignored. In contrast, participation means that the employee has an active role in the business decisions, such as having an employee representative on the board or having employees being involved in focus group when major decisions are being made. In these circumstances, the employees have more power, and their opinions can result in actual change in the company. Traditionally unions have been considered a means of voicing the interests of the workers to their employers, particularly in terms of pay, rights and in the case of workplace disputes. Unions are prevalent across industries and countries and their influence can be disruptive to companies such as through strikes and other forms of collecti ve action. Within Ireland, a study found that approximately half of all employers recognised a union within their workplace, and around 38% of employees were involved in a union. This differed significantly across sectors. In the private sector, less than one third of all employees were members of a union and only 44% of businesses recognised a union. In contrast, within the public sector, 91% of businesses had a union and more

Sometime in the future oil will become more expensive. investigate the Essay

Sometime in the future oil will become more expensive. investigate the effects of this on the market for oil and the market for - Essay Example Nations must now come to terms with the harsh reality that dependence on oil is as short-term solution and the other sources of renewable as well as green energy must be considered. Hubbert (1956) had predicted that the production of oil in America followed a bell shaped graph trend. He stipulated that the peak of oil production was to be attained in 1970 after which production will assume a downward trend. His prediction reigned despite sharp criticisms. He then predicted a global peak to be witnessed in the year 2000. Michael Lynch fronted that the production of oil must be closely tied to oil prices. He argued that Hubbert committed a mistake in assuming that geology is the motivating factor to the discovery, production and depletion of oil. He advocated for supply and demand as the key determinants in the oil industry. "To an economist, the drop in exploration reflects optimal behavior: they do not waste money exploring for something they will not use for decades.† he added . Factors that influence the price of oil. Economic growth is one of the key factors that affect oil prices. A steadfast economic growth will result in an increase in the demand for oil and its byproducts. It thus exhibits a direct relationship with the price of oil. Even as countries seek to experience a rapid economic growth, they need to focus on other sources of energy so that their increased demand for energy can be met adequately. Another factor according to Watson (1987) that affects the price of oil is the seasonal changes. It has been observed that during winter oil prices increases rapidly in Europe and the U.S.A due to the increased demand. Before the beginning of winter, consumers tend to buy excess of oil and its products due to fear of possible. However during summer, demand tends to decrease especially that of domestic use. Energy substitutes such as coal, natural gas and nuclear energy that can replace oil will also determine its price. If more alternative sources of energy are discovered, overreliance on oil will decline and the prices will tend to decline. Foreign exchange affects oil prices since oil is traded internationally and the U.S dollar is the main currency used. Therefore appreciation or depreciation of the local currencies against the U.S dollar will significantly affect the price of oil. When the dollar weakens, the prices of oil will escalate. Increase in oil prices will also lead to high export bill resulting in trade deficits and a further weakening of the dollar. Policies of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (O.P.E.C) also affect the demand and supply of oil. This further affects prices. Being one of the largest oil regulatory body, their actions will greatly affect production levels as well as international prices. Countries with high production capacity as well as high oil reserves have got high bargaining power in terms of prices. Causes of high oil prices. Instability in the Middle East is a key factor that has led to increase in oil prices. Middle East countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates form major producers as well as exporters of oil. Iran has not had cordial relationship with the west especially the U.S.A. At times they have threatened to hoard their oil so as to frustrate them. A decline in the exportation of oil by these countries will create a serious shortage thus increasing the prices. Political unrest being witnessed in other oil producing counties in Africa has also affected greatly the production of oil thus resulting in an increase in prices. The recent political turmoil witnessed in Libya, led to a decline in the

Choose a person, object, or event that you find interesting and that Essay

Choose a person, object, or event that you find interesting and that you can readily research - Essay Example Vietnamese people follow annual rules for the New Year. They are very careful about what they do the first day of the New Year because, according to them, it will later determine their luck for the rest of the year. Therefore, Vietnamese people prepare for the New Year beginning two weeks before the actual New Year’s Day. Vietnamese people then have more rituals at midnight and on the first morning of the New Year. For example, my family prepares many things for New Year’s Day. We spend a lot of money, and we make substantial plans in advance for New Year. We buy new clothes and new shoes, paint and clean the house, cook three days worth of food, and pay off all debts. We go to the marketplace and the shopping mall to buy food, firecrackers, and flowers. The Vietnamese marketplace is very crowded the week before the New Year. After four o’clock, the markets close down so people can go home. We cook many kinds of food that our grandparents liked to eat when they w ere young. We also burn incense and artificial money to honor our grandparents, as we always believe that our grandparents will return from the other world to visit our family. Even though they don’t appear incarnate, my family believes that our grandparents exist around us even though they are dead. Thus, we always understand that to worship our ancestors means showing respect to our ancestors. After these rituals, we always invite the relatives and neighbors to sit around the table. Most of us sit at the table to share food together in the party. There are many such rituals that might seem different to outsiders. When our family has a party, we have to provide enough chairs for all people who are invited. If we lack bowls, dishes, tables, and chairs, we can borrow them from the neighbors. The next time another family has a party, we do the same thing for them. Then, we prepare for New Year’s Eve. We have more rituals on New Year’s

Psychology - personality and values 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology - personality and values 2 - Essay Example â€Å"I’ll see it when I believe it† is however, a proactive approach of an explorative mind that develops and implements ideas in an environment. Examples of differences in expectations across generations in the workplace relate to working conditions and returns from work. The baby boomers expect an enjoyable work experience while the x and y generations expect challenges and utility respectively. The generations’ different expectations are determined by their values. While the baby boomers appreciate a demanding working environment in terms of quantity and quality of work, the X generation anticipates elimination of work while the y generation expects to multitask to meet targets, values that determine the generations’ behavior and attitude towards work. I like working with the baby boomers since they are dedicated to work and delivers quality (Haynes and Nunningham, 2012). Independence, ambition, and reliability are some of the values that drive activities at my work place. Independence and ambition have been laid down as instruments to creativity and innovation towards new developments. Reliability has also ensured every member’s responsibility to ensure that processes are implemented as planned. Some of my values that drive my performance are ambition and competence. My ambition is evident through my hard work as I always strive to meet my goals. Examples include dedication to achieve set academic targets and work deadlines. I similarly value competence through effective exploitation of my potentials (Murray, Poole and Jones,

Linking pedagogy and assesment practices Research Paper

Linking pedagogy and assesment practices - Research Paper Example These skills also enhance the students’ ability to arrive at judgments and decisions as well as giving them the ability to transfer skills to novel situations (Chun, 2010). The best way to assess these skills is by use of Collegiate Learning Assessments. According to Pike (2011), Collegiate Learning Assessment requires students to produce artifacts that are evaluated using a set of scoring rubrics. These assessments make use of performance tasks in making the students to produce these artifacts. This assessment also involves creating of rubrics that assist in assigning scores to the artifacts produced by students and helps the students in the production of these artifacts. So far, this method has been proven effective in testing and developing these skills by the learning institutions that have already started to practice it. In evaluating the effectiveness of Collegiate Learning Assessment, we have to consider what it has achieved and what it has failed to achieve. According to Chun (2010), the performance tasks used in these assessment are of high quality since a good level of expertise and time investment are employed while building each one of them. This ensures that they are in line with the set assessment goals and that they are shaped to deriver sufficient information about the skills they assess. Moreover, according to Chun (2010), the performance tasks are based on the learning outcomes that students are expected to attain. Thus, this assessment reveals these learning outcomes. based on the students artifacts rather than test scores. Artifacts are more effective due to their ability to incorporate high level thinking as compared to test scores and hence they make this assessment to be more effective. The process of making Collegiate Learning Assessment tests involves numerous rounds of field testing, revision and calibration (Chun, 2010). This makes this assessment perfectly suited to deliver the best outcome possible for the skills assessed. It also helped in ensuring that this assessment is tailored towards ensuring that the artifacts can measure the level if the skills assessed are in the most accurate way possible. This has actually made this kind of assessment to be very effective in the achieving of assessment goals. However, the responses obtained from Collegiate Learning Assessments are long and complex with a wide range of possible scores (Hardison & Vilamovska, 2009). This makes them very complicated to administer and very difficult to analyze. As a result, they require a high degree of skills and proficiency among the assessors. It also requires high degree of commitment and dedication of both the assessors and the students. If it lacks this it can fail to achieve the objectives intended thus becoming ineffective. Another way in which pedagogical practice can be aligned with assessment tools is through involving students in the designing of those assessment tools. Some of the tools in which students can

The 1920-1929 Boom to Bust Period in America Essay

The 1920-1929 Boom to Bust Period in America - Essay Example The researcher states that the boom to burst period is of great importance inciting the US history. This is the period that transformed many things in America ranging from cultural, political, economic activities and the general social life. It is cited as the origin of the America we know today in a wide view. Impacts of 1920-1920 Boom to Burst on U.S Society. This period explains how Americans acquired the notions attached to them today. It helps us understand the America history and in turn voyage the present and the future. It illustrates how US transformed over a short period in terms of the notions of power, liberty and equality. It also shows how the changes in America affected the world at large. The historical changes brought about within this period can be resumed under the following headings. Economy: This period brought with it much economic advancement, which helped shape the future of the American economy. Many economic policies came up such as credit purchase, small go vernment and supply-side economics proved a great success. The reduction of main taxes gave entrepreneurs an incentive to work, invest and save leading to innovations and new discoveries due to venture in risky businesses. Later improved policies such as the fiscal and expansionary policies were introduced. Technology: The boom to burst period is the basis of U.S technological and infrastructural development. It saw the discovery of electrification that made it possible for other innovations for instance radio and motion pictures. The availability of money provided people with security and therefore, they were not afraid to try many things. This period also saw the construction of new infrastructure such as roads, bridges and tunnels. Culture and lifestyle: There was introduction of a new culture and way of life that would dominate the rest of the twentieth century. The economic prosperity provided many Americans more spending money and more leisure time, which they directed to maki ng their lives enjoyable for instance theatre, music and other forms of entertainment. Most people in the rural areas migrated to the urban areas in search of jobs. Accumulation of wealth also led to rise of classes due to unequal distribution of income. This led to segregation and clustering of people in different areas according to their classes. Gender Equality: This period saw the rise of women from being discriminated and undermined due to their gender. The expanding markets provided an opportunity for women to get jobs and get paid. Many single working class women held their jobs for the wages and their families. Some held jobs in order to free from parental authority and develop a personal identity. In addition, women also attended colleges and this led to the fading away of the traditional notion about women. All these factors enabled women to become more independent and achieve women rights in the constitutions. Entertainment: In this period, a lot of things changed in the world of entertainment and many others came up. One example is the film industry when Hollywood came to light. Music also advanced with the introduction of the Jazz music by Louis and Duke. Many sports such as boxing, golf and baseball, also rose to new heights of popularity. These led to rise of heroes like Babe Ruth in baseball and Jack Dempsey in boxing.

Can Sinkers claim demurrage against the cricket clubs Essay

Can Sinkers claim demurrage against the cricket clubs - Essay Example Vessel will be losing her time and the connected payment. In the present case, reaching the berth and unloading the goods took longer time than expected and the vessel has gone onto demurrage. The popular rule is 'once on demurrage, always on demurrage'. As an exception, demurrage would not occur if the delay was purely due to ship owner's fault and as the repercussion of actions taken by him suitable for his convenience and benefit. "The freighter of a ship is bound not to detain it, beyond the stipulated or usual time, to load or deliver the cargo, or to sail. The extra days beyond the lay days (being the days allowed to load and unload the cargo) are called the days of demurrage. The term is likewise applied to the payment for such delay, and it may become due, either by the ship's detention, for the purpose of loading or unloading the cargo, either before, during or after the voyage, or in waiting for convoy2." A shipowner will be entitled to unliquidated damages for being detained while loading or unloading, or delivering a consignment, within the stipulated time, if the delay happens for no fault of his or his representatives. In some transactions, to be safe, there could be an agreement to pay demurrage, which is usually for preventing the shipowner from demanding an enormous sum if an unfortunate delay occurs. As a result of this written understanding and agreement, if the demurrage is fixed at a certain rate per hour, the shipowner would be unable to demand more money as demurrage. According to John Wilson, "Liability for the payment of demurrage accrues immediately on the expiration of the lay days and runs continuously through Sundays, holidays and other periods normally excluded from laytime, e.g. bad weather working days3." Demurrage or the dead freight can occur at any point of affreightment. It is actually a fixed sum per hour or per day that charterer has to pay the vessel owner for the delays while loading and unloading of his consignments, and the time lost (beyond the stipulated time) and these days are called lay days. "If no demurrage is provided for by the charter-party, and the vessel is not loading or discharging beyond the lay days, the shipowner is entitled to claim damages in respect of the loss which he has suffered by the detention of his ship4" This is mainly to force the charterers to load and unload within the time fixed. If the time is not fixed, then it might be difficult for the shipowner to prove that the ship has run onto demurrage. There are difficult circumstances, honouring difficult judgements too. "Where time under a limitation clause runs from completion of discharge of the cargo, but there was no cargo to discharge, the judge held that the limitation clause does not apply. He refused to imply additional words into the clause that would have allowed time to run from when the cargo should have been discharged since, if the parties had wanted to provide for such a circumstance, they could easily have done so. The judge also held that, in addition to damages for repudiation, the shipowners could claim demurrage that had accrued before the charterparty was repudiated5". http://www.onlinedmc.co.uk/odfjell_seachem_v__continentale.htm As both the clubs are named as consignees in the receipts, even though they did not do the transactions personally through

Response to a classmate's post Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Response to a classmate's post - Assignment Example For me, I felt that the work lacks a clear definition of concepts and proper outlining of facts that bring out the issue of race. Also, you did not include any thesis statements in the essay. You simply explained the various characteristics that the Homo sapiens have such as the color of the skin, shape and the type of hair. Nonetheless, it is commendable how you note how anthropologists find it meaningless to use the term race since the term has been overtaken by events. I think this gives a strong point in the defense of your answer. You also give a clear explanation of the disparities of the different genetic variations such as polytypic and polymorphic variations. It is also good that you mention the emerging trends in the humans, such as mutations of the human race. It would be good if you add a conclusion that summarizes the major thoughts in the essay. Your paragraphing is also wanting. Though the work has strong points, you would have made the work better through a proper org anization of thoughts.

House Bunny Movie Review Essay Example for Free

House Bunny Movie Review Essay In the film House Bunny, a 27-year-old girl, Shelley Darlingson, played by Anna Farris, finds herself tricked out of the Playboy Mansion by another bunny for being too old. Shelley winds up at the University of Southern California and becomes the house mother in a very poorly kept sorority house, Zeta Tau Alpha, consisting of six socially awkward girls. After gaining the girls’ trust by showing them she is nice and can attract boys, she does her best to turn the ZTA girls around to be popular beautiful young ladies who are ‘better’ than the other sorority girls. However, the changing of personalities goes too far and the girls realize they’ve changed for the wrong reasons and begin to judge everyone. During the time Shelley is being blamed, she receives a call about how ‘being too old’ was a lie to get rid of her. When expecting Shelley to immediately drop everything and return to the Mansion, she decides to stay the hose mother of the Zetas. Using this movie I plan on analyzing the movie through different scenes of the typical activities of the sorority girls on campus and comparing them to how college life is today and what could be done differently. Throughout House Bunny, a constant rival goes on between Phi Iota Mu and Zeta Tau Alpha. When Zeta, a now popular sorority, throws a mixer party the same night as popular PIM, all of the girls going through rush and all of the fraternity boys enjoy their evening at Zeta instead of PIM. Girls are initiated at the party through ‘sacrificial rights’ because they still have their virginity, music is played for everyone to dance to, and everyone enjoys their nights. These girls are focused on looking good now and being popular. Girls are very similar but a little different today. In today’s society in the typical college experience, girls are not initiated in this way and girls do not throw the parties. The girls, instead of throwing their own parties, get all dressed up and head out to other fraternities to listen to music, drink and get together with different guys. Several girls nowadays waste their time and throw away their good morals every weekend, when they coul d be choosing better alternatives such as a staying in for the weekend or at least one night and study or relax with some friends. Time management and studying are two of the hardest strategies to master as a college student. Unfortunately when we have free time we cling to more fun activities at all times and then get caught up later when it is the last possible second to do homework and we realize we should have been working on homework rather than partying. Studying is not the most fun activity nor does it sound better than going out with friends to drink or participate in crazy college activities; however, everyone has to do it eventually and it would just be easier if you studied a little every free moment and then you would have more free time later. You would be more successful if you thought about every possible outcome of each choice clearly before doing anything. In the movie, after the Zeta girls become popular and look prettier, thanks to Shelley, they set up a tent at the involvement fair. All of the students rush towards their tent because they have food, games, and calendars of the girls looking t heir best. The Zetas are getting more involved around the campus, as students should, but through popularity not service. From this popularity the Zetas go downhill from there and turn into the popular rude crowd to those who do not ‘belong.’ The Zeta’s stopped being who they were before Shelley became the house mother, the smart, nerdy, different crowd, and became the jerks who judged people off appearances. When trying to decide on bids for their house, they talked about how they had seen one of the girls before and thought they were weird and shouldn’t be allowed in their house. The Zeta’s stopped focusing on academics and their true personalities and tried to change for the ‘better’ when it was clearly for the worse. Involvement is a key to surviving in college. You should get involved to make new friends, find others like yourself, develop study groups, and stress-reliever outlet clubs. However, when you try to be involved with the rest of the campus through primarily popularity and parties, you are getting ‘involved’ in all of the wrong ways. Instead of changing to be the popular crowd by looking hot and becoming a preppy jerk to ‘fit in,’ just express yourself more and get out in the real world to try and make more meaningful friendships that could last a lifetime. If people could be more accepting and friendly instead of being quick to judge, everyone would have more friends and the world would be a better place. Acceptance is one of the biggest problems especially at a college where if you aren’t accepted you just hide from everyone and get discouraged. Everyone as a whole should work to be more accepting of others for who they are. I am not saying everyone has to like everyone else, but I am saying at least give everyone else a chance to shine and join the group. When a smart nerdy group of socially unaccepted girls get a new playhouse bunny house mother they turn into a stereotypical group of rude sorority girls who just want everyone to be in their house so they can be more popular as long as they are ‘normal.’ If people took the time to accept everyone and give everyone a chance, people would have more friends and not be as nervous to try to make new friends. Getting involved on campus is smart as long as you are getting involved in the right ways with the right group of people so you can make a difference in your community. Getting involved also has advantages, because it can help manage time and studying habits or even study groups. Involvement in the college community is smart so good grades can be attained, meaning better opportunities later. Managing your time and taking the time to study receives full benefits later, as well. College is not easy, especially when coming in as a freshman new to the whole idea of college. However, college can be enjoyed and mastered if you try to get involved, study more, accepts more people for who they are, and manage your time to the best of your ability. Works Cited The House Bunny. Dir. Fred Wolf. By Karen M. Lutz and Kirsten Smith. Perf. Anna Faris, Colin Hanks, Emma Stone, Kat Dennings, Hugh Hefner, and Tyson Ritter. Columbia Pictures, 2008. DVD.

Training and Development Case Study

Training and Development Case Study Training is a method of provide knowledge, skills, and technical for employee through the activities or events. Besides, training can improve ones capability, capacity, and performance, help the company achieve the goal and profit efficiently. Development is focused upon the activities that the company recruiting the employee into our company and help the company together in the future. This method must be discussed and planned by the organization. The definition of training and development Companys activity aimed at through information and instructions to upgrade the employees performance and skills on the present job or to help employee arrived a required level of knowledge or skill. This method can increase the production of the company, move forward a single step to increase the company profit. Company use of scientific and technical knowledge to meet specific objectives or requirements in their future. They also will invite more employees into their company and provide skills and technical to them. The process of economic and social transformation that is based on complex cultural and environmental factors and their interactions. The importance of training and development 1) Overcoming weaknesses and improved employee performance Most employees have some weaknesses in their workplace skills. Training can provide the skills and knowledge to them that each employee needs to improve. A development program can brings their employee to higher level to product the production. This method can reduce mistake of the employee, produce the outputs efficiently. When the employees are competent and on top of changing industry standards, they will help the company hold a position as a leader and strong competitor within the industry. 2) Consistency and employee satisfaction Through a structured training and development program ensures that employees can work and help the company together, improve work efficiency. If the employees obtain the opportunity to practice, they will increase their skills and technical. Therefore, the employees have the advantage over employees in other companies that a company makes shows the employees they are valued. Through training opportunities, the employees may feel more satisfaction toward their jobs. Content Training and development was one of the main functions in human resource management. With the advancement of the world, most of the company will try to invest money in employees through the training and development as the employees is one of the main weapon for company to compete with others in business. When the company is investing money in equipment, its value might be depreciated over the years. But investing in employees will be totally different as investing in equipment. When the company is investing in employees, it will bring a lot of benefits to company. The training and development could produce more productive and effective employees to the company in return of the investment. These employees could improve the performance of the company. Training refer to the method used by employers to give their employees some skill needed to perform in their job. Nowadays, the most common training methods used by the company are induction training, on-the-job training and off-the-job training. Induction training will try to familiarizes the new employees with their responsibilities and role. Normally the human resource manager will explain the company rules, working hours, vacations, employees benefits, company organization and operations, as well as expectation of the job to the new employees on the first day. Then the facilities tour will be given to new employees within the workplace and all the colleagues are introduced to make them feel welcome. On-the-job training means the employees receive training in the workplace. The most common type of on-the-job training is coaching. The experienced employees will provide instruction and demonstrations to the trainees in order for them to learn some new skills. Job rotation means the trainee will be given different task to gain experience in the full range of job and to broaden their understanding of the business. Special assignments are given to trainee which give them a chance to deal with the actual problem in working. Off-the-job training means the employees receive training at a site away from the working environment. They could be in-house training or out-house training. In- house training means training will be given to trainee using employers facilities while out-house training are provided by outsider or college. The company will allowed their employees to go for higher education by sponsored them to the show their support. The employees could learn more knowledge from the outside specialists and this could help them in increasing their confidence towards the job given. While development refer to the method used to improve employees performance by teaching them general knowledge and changing their attitudes. The goal of development is more focus on long-term, they are trying to help employees grow in getting higher position in the future. When any managerial position is available in the company, there could be a qualified person from current employees to take over the position. This could ensure a smooth transition and operational efficiency in the company. Case Development (I) Background of Petronas The company that we choose is PETRONAS. PETRONAS was founded at 17 August 1974, which is 100% owned by Malaysia government. PETRONAS is a company that is the largest corporation in the world, which invest the total gas and oil resources and consign responsibility of adding value and developing to the resources. There are some important achievements of PETRONAS. At 1975, PETRONAS is the first company which exports crude oil. At 1976, PETRONAS had made a conclusion that is sharing production contract with Shell and Esso. PETRONAS had incorporated with Carigali and Asean Bintulu Fertilizer at 1978 and 1980. At 1981, the first gas station of PETRONAS had business in Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Kuala Lumpur. During 1984, HQ had moved to Komplets Dayabumi. Petronas had started the first export of fertilizer and liquefied at 1985. Next, PETRONAS had the first oversea operation in Myanmar at 1990. At 1994, the first subsidiary of PETRONAS, which is PETRONAS Dagangan Bhd, was listed on KLSE. HQ had moved to Twin Towers at 1997. Due to PETRONAS incorporation, it has been grow to a unify international gas and oil company. Its business was interested in 35 foreign countries. PETRONAS group included 103 owned subsidiaries, 57 joint companies, and 19 outfits at the end of March 2005. Based on these companies, PETRONAS group has been make that involved in many activities of gas and oil. For example, upstream exploration, allocation products of petroleum, makes natural gas and etc. PETRONAS is a headquarter at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, which was started on 42nd National Day of Malaysia, at 31 August 1998. PETRONASs employees are the most important asset and key to achieve success in realising the aspiration to be a leading multinational oil and gas corporation. PETRONAS Company todays achievements and in the future depends largely on the collective efforts and commitment of their employees. With this in mind, PETRONAS Company place top priority on human capital training and development. These statements define PETRONAS as an organization, leading their corporate activities and policies, setting the course for the future. (II) Human Resource Practices of Petronas At PETRONAS, employees are never lack of development, advancement, or progressive movement. The potency of all the employees is giving support and encouragement as during the period of training and development. At the same time, competencies and skill technique are practised for each PETRONASs employee to achieve his/her full ability and prospective. Stepping into the employment of PETRONAS, all the employees will directly commence on the journey of training development experience. PETRONAS insiders are confidential not only to training and development activities but also giving advantage from the daily casual counselling and instructing, close to the job training, job enrichment, job rotation and self nurturing amongst others during the official lecture with a setting of strategy inwardly as well as outwardly. In order to give a hand for insiders in enhancing their knowledge and ability, there is an intended outstanding formal program in training and development. That is developing in-house trainers. Here, the PETRONAS Company subordinates training requirements are time after time recognize by the superiors. In order to offer effective and important training, PETRONAS has urbanized in excess of 30 in-house trainers. In-house training is defined as any training that is held in company premises in order to educate, develop or expand employees technique and skills. This involves all technical and soft skills courses that serve for this purpose. These instructors are well capable of to afford training and development programs in the following areas. 1) Permit to Work Training It is a more recognized by PETRONAS structure stating exactly what work is to be complete and when, and which parts of the work are secure. Assessing the work and test out safety at each of the stage in working environment is a responsible for a employee to carry out. Employees undertaking the job sign the permit are to show that they realize the risks involved and what safety measures are necessary. Besides that, employers of PETRONAS must be awake of the policy concerning more risky work activities, and guarantee that they understand their responsibility, duties and obligations in law. The course of industrial safety training will enable managers to assess the requirements of a particular job or task, and ensure that permit to work documentation is completed correctly and that employees undertaking dangerous activities are capable to do in securely way. 2) Confined Space Authorised Gas Tester PETRONAS is essential in examination for and ensuring working surroundings are out of harms in some exacting way. An authorization of managing about a confined space during the muggy work for either outer spaces or indoor workplace should give precedence first. By this way, it will make possible for the employees or worker to discover and understand appropriately all the instruction that recognition from the gas disclosure. The course of Confined Space Authorised Gas Tester content work area classification and its risk and safety factors, Chemistry of fire, toxic, and flammable atmosphere, type of gas detectors for inert atmosphere, gas testing procedures, gas testing practical, type of gas detectors for inert atmosphere and the construction of gas detectors. 3) Processed Safety Workshop This course provides an impression of course of action about the safety engineering essentials for dealing out with hydrocarbon facilities, which importance on the upstream oil gas sector such as PETRONAS. Process Safety Management is focusing on this course for the engineering/design aspects. Frequent reference will be made to historical happening and recurring problem areas. Oil and gas processing will be reviewed with some techniques for analyzing and justifying process of safety hazards. A key aim of this course is to accomplish a deliberate advance to Process Safety Management with addition of the concepts enclosed. Exercises and group projects will be develop throughout the course to highlight the key of the learning points. 4) First Aid Training PETRONAS place an emergency treatment administered to an injured or sick person before professional medical care is available during their working progress. 5) Advance First Responder Training From this training, first responders are the first people on scene during an emergency. Police, fire fighters, s, and even school personnel are more likely to be the first responders during an emergency than others. PETRONAS offer training courses and independent study programs to prepare first responders for emergencies. This training can be found at both the consciousness level, which offers a more detailed and job-specific level of education on the given topic. This training can be found on several different topics, including use of hazardous materials and management. Besides, technical training is one of the training that Petronas used. The purpose of technical training is to teach employee about the detailed of skills to fulfill the daily work task. Technical training can be referring in any setting, such as vocational, consideration, and information technology. The part of Petronas success is qualified to skill and train personnel to corporation employs. Petronas has used a practical role in human resource development to ensure the company has enough professionals supply for the long-term requirements, since it started more than 30 years. In 1983, Petronas has set up technical traning to train technicians and operators to expand manufacturing facilities. Besides, Petronas had set up Management Training Centre for training and development. At the same year, Petronas had created Institut Latihan Perindustrian Petroleum (ILPP), also known as Institut Teknologi Petroleum Petronas (INSTEP), to focus on the problems such as lack of trained machinist and technicians. Institut Teknologi Petroleum Petronas, INSTEP, had provided technical training to employees. For example, job profiling, learning analysis, and so on. INSTEP had 3 amphitheatres and 42 learning rooms for different types of training activities. Besides, Petronas Technical Training Sdn. Bhd. (PTTSB), had set up a technical training with UMW Oil and Gas Corporation Sdn. Bhd. on 28 June 2012 at Kuala Lumpur. Based on this technical training, it will focus on Malaysian who lack in gas, drilling, and oil industry. Another theory of training and development is education grant that has offered by PETRONAS Company as they always show their appreciation and encouraging on their employees who are willing to go the further mile in the mission of expanding their knowledge in fields relevant to their job or future projects/assignments. PETRONAS Company share the education costs for those who are pursuing the following qualifications such as diploma, degree, master degree or Ph. D as an evidence of commitment to support PETRONASs employees in pursuing higher education. There are types of education grants for qualified employees who wish to continue their education at a higher institution of learning. Employees education grants may be issued by PETRONAS towards some particular course of study that related to their interest or job position in the company. In majority, PETRONAS pay all the education grants directly to the institutes where the employees enrolled. Other forms of employees education grants, it can be used with a number of different consent of degree programs. PETRONAS has the intention in developing a skilled workforce and able to hire a talented employees. (III) Advantages There are advantages in training and development. The advantages of in-house training include training cost saving. The cost per representative will lesser when compared to the same number of employee sending to public training courses. Secondly is PETRONAS Company will get more convenience because this training fit around the working schedule of the staff and at a location they go frequently. Thirdly it is more specific due to its course run generally for a single client and allocates the training to focus on specific items that are causing issues. Fourthly its also make some saving in travel cost, those PETRONASs trainee no need to travel any further than their offices and incur extra costs like transport fees, driver and so on. Fifthly is team building, all the trainee will occupy in a room full of delegates from different departments which they be able to encourage greater team work, responsive and understanding of each others role. There are some advantages of technical training too. Firstly, technical training may causes employees career advancement. It is because when the employers distinguish that the employees are conscientious in learning, the employers will give chances to employees in the technical areas, such as technical responsibility, project leadership, management and etc. In this case, the salary of the employees will be increase. Furthermore, technical training will causes employees lead to personal growth. It is because employees will learn something that is new in the short range through technical training. Besides, technical training may help new employees, who are searching for jobs, in the positions of career- oriented, and refresh the skills and knowledge of older employees so that they can keep up in their working environment and build up a better relationships between employers and employees. Education grants give a lot of advantages to the employee in PETRONASs company. However, this practice also exist its merit and demerit. Education grants help them to pay their tuition fees, sponsor and assistance from their company so that they can further their education without being anxious about the monetary matters. Besides that, there is also none competitive, everyone who have the attentive and ability or found to be a worthy candidate may deserve the grants from either an industry, government or others sponsor. This education grants may perhaps help individual of PETRONASs employees update their skill and training to a better grade and might help them towards a higher level. (IV) Disadvantages There are disadvantages in training and development too. The disadvantages of in-house training include extra administration burden that PETRONAS need to make sure there have suitable training room, equipment, trainer parking to get the delegates to the training centre. Besides that, some of the trainee may not taken it as seriously -as they might attend just to have a break from their job or dont turn up when the course is running on another day. There are no networking opportunities also during this training, employees are not allow to have networking and learning from another company. In addition, this will place some pressure to PETRONASs employees, if they are offsite training then they cannot be contacted to class however if they are onsite they can be pulled out of a classroom if needed. However, there are some disadvantages in technical training too. Cost is one of the disadvantages. Cost will increase the expenses of the company. It is because when the company sends the employees for training, the company has to pay for employees to invite the trainer. A good trainer may be expensive and causes over budget. Besides, the disadvantage of technical training is time requirements. The company has to spend a plenty of time for training employees but the company do not have much time. If the company offers the time that does not enough for training, it may causes employees do not know everything that they have to learn. The trainer will also have to rush due to the time is not enough and causes the trainer goes through some topic that is important and ignore some topic that employees have to learn too. Nevertheless, education grant has disadvantages as well. Grants have a narrow down by restricting the number of employees to apply with the scale of job fitting. Employees who obtaining the education grants typically require work harder and plenty of examine and strategic to fulfil individuals requirement. Moreover, its also increase an organizations expenditure since particular activities must be included in some of the project. In addition, revolution of technology nowadays up growth. Legislator and other charge of education or training need more funds to re-establish the changes. (V) Critique PETRONAS as an organization, directing their corporate activities and strategic, setting their practices of training and development for the future. PETRONAS has make use of technical training, in-house training and education grants as their practices for the employees training and development. Comparing with the similar industry as thought SHELL Global or ESSO, they have applied some professional training such as public relations and media programme for their employees according to their working experience. Its better attending a module with representative from other companies. This will allow networking interaction more and learning from one another. Besides, training and development bring a lot of advantages to Petronas Company. Petronas had used training and development appropriately. For example, Petronas used technical training causes employees career advancement and causes employees lead to personal growth. In this case, Petronas will be more progress through training and development. Thus, training and development may causes the company become more effectiveness although it will bring some disadvantages to the company. Recommendation PETRONAS need to find alternative practices of training and development for their employees. To determining a long term profitability and well management of a company, the quality of employees are the major issues in a company throughout some training and education. It is a good guiding principle to devote an excellent employee, which can improve the companys productivity consequently. A suggestion that is PETRONAS may possibly propose a sustainability organization leadership techniques with the institutes which include Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Institut Teknologi Petroleum PETRONAS (INSTEP) and PETRONAS Management Training. It should also invite some profession institutor from other country to conduct company employees. By this way, hope that it could benefits PETRONAS to achieve some valuable employees and able to increase companys employee effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, Petronas must update the program in technical training. For example, Petronas may combine some course which is energizer to employees. Petronas may able to introduce some new computer software, technological systems, programs and etc to increase the current skill of employees. In this case, employees may get more new knowledge and skills so that it can use in their current jobs. Petronas can ensure that the employees are working in a safety environment by training well their employees. Petronas may also start to retraining new employees on new systems. It is because Petronas may avoid change conflict from employees. For example, Shell Global ensure that their engineers are trained well and able to work in safety environment by giving them training in drilling, operating, maintain, and designing. Conclusion PETRONAS is a company that categorized under the oligopoly type of market structures. PETRONAS is one of the governments asset, it is also one of the company that provides petroleum and gas for the country. PETRONAS has been growing nationwide and worldwide since previous years. PETRONASs products also being exported and used in other countries such as Egypt in Africa. By exporting the products, it is making a lot of profits and as such the country benefits a lot from it. Production of petroleum and gas are not the only thing that it care for but also collaborate with other markets such as education and provide sponsorship loans to those students which need them. Various institutions had been established by PETRONAS as their main objective is to enrich the nation with quality education.

Global Marketing Strategies of LOreal in India

Global Marketing Strategies of LOreal in India The company started doing business in India in the year 1991 through a distributor. Following the lead of Hindustan Unilever, it launched its first product, a shampoo called the Garnier Ultra Doux. Lately, it was established as LOreal India under the LOreal group. Today it ranks second in the global cosmetics group in India. LOreals approach stands out to be predominantly aggressive compared with its competitors. The most recent step of the LOreal group is the new high-tech industrial unit in Pune. It manufactures many types of hair care, hair color and skin care products to meet up the growing demand. It is one of the first plants to implement LOreals newest GHP (Good Hygiene Practices). The executives of LOreal thought that the combination of small cost and natural ingredients would be a good match for the Indian market. LOreal operates three divisions in India- The Consumer Products Division The Professional Products Division The Active Cosmetics Division There is bank in North Bombay, a future hairdressers are shaping the traces of volunteer models which are forcing trainees to loose on their hairs. It is not surprising that 85 percent of women in India have long and straight hairs and most of the womens in India prefers home remedies which are recommended by their mothers and the natural tone is dark. Most of the girls use vegetable oil as their hair oil instead of fancy conditioners. It creates a challenging environment for any kind of company entering in such competition and trying to sell the beauty products to such a huge crowd of around 1.1 billion which are not an alien but also profligacy. Since the company LOreal has launched its first academy in Bombay in the year 2006 where only total of 73 hairdressers were graduated from all over the country. It is around six month course which makes the person capable of working as a junior in the international standard salons which is growing day by day in Indias big cities or metropolitan cities. LOreal distribution networks have also played an important role in the country over the past decade where more than 30000 hair dressers use the product of the same company and also helped in establishing 300 salons in the past few years all over the country. CHINA: LOreal uses various global marketing strategies on a worldwide scale and also taking the full advantage of the operational differences which are global and also the opportunities with the aim of getting their global objectives. According to some of the specialists of the cosmetic brands in china which are very successful, the modern woman of china does not use much makeup until the time of early 1990. The people of china used the products to show their culture and not for the purpose of beauty. For example the women used the color on the nails for showing their social class and not for the fashion or the beauty purpose. But after the early 1990 the use of makeup increased in china and because of this various cosmetic companies came into the market of china. LOreal has a history associated with china back to 1907 when one of the chemist named as the Eugene Schueller launched a hair color formula and after two years he also registered his company which was named as Societe Francaise de Teintures Inoffensive pour Cheveux which in future known as the LOreal. At present LOreal is one of the biggest companies of cosmetic and beauty with the total revenues of around 14 billion euro and approximately 52000 employees are employed in this company. This company has many global marketing strategies and one of which is growing the company which is sustainable strategy for LOreal. This strategy includes the management of brand carefully and also the careful acquisitions by the company. In the present scenario each and every company in the market faces a huge competition and in the case of LOreal they faced the competition very carefully and with full planning in Chinese market. For example this company sells their good quality product at the price cheaper than the companies like Olay and ponds which are launched in the market by the big giants and the specialist of the field known as the Procter and Gamble. This company has turned into a force which is global by clearing the different countrys cultural cachet into its vitals, by fully focusing on biggest 10 global brands concentrated on the color of hair, hair care, cosmetics color and also the fragrances. One of their best strategies is the acquisition of the local companies and also the brands which are established in the market of china. Because of this strategy of becoming a local brand, this company caused the acquisition of the brand named as Mininurse from Raystar in the year 2003 and one more in the year 2004 named as Yue-Sai. One of the best things of this company is that they learn from their mistakes and try to cover it very quickly. For example they learned from their negative experience with the Biotherm brand initially in US and this company has only few amounts of stores in Shanghai, Beijing. In china, LOreal markets around 14 brands only in china which includes Lancome, Biotherm, Shu Uemura, Vichy etc. This company has a brand strategy of the diversification of the brands which fits in the culture of china. Unlike other companies this company embody their country of origin and not to seek homogenize of their brands for making palatable in entire cultures. According to one of the example LOreal in the year 1996 acquired a company of cosmetics of US and started their work for the makeover of the company which included the removal of the headquarters from Memphis to the city of New York for the promotion of its US origin. LOreal also takes a huge amount of risks during their work. For example this company acquired the well established and the successful brands of cosmetics in china. LOreal is not only targeted towards its market group but it also stands out culturally and this company also faces the risk of cannibalizing by marketing the local brands. LOreal realizes that t heir entire customers are individuals and not the entire market and because of this only it has managed to stand its brand very strong. LOreal has a great future in china as the demands of cosmetic products are increasing at a very rapid rate in china and LOreal with all its global marketing strategies which are discussed above will gain lot of profit in upcoming years. Definition of Global Marketing Strategy- There are various developments which can be seen in the international trade and increment in the importance of the e-commerce which are influenced by various factors which are making the implication of global marketing strategies in the businesses. The strategies which are adopted helps the firms making increment in the profit potential and share in the market. (Codija, 2010) If we now try to define Global Marketing Strategies then it can be defined as the set of techniques and procedures which is adopted and used for studying the sentiment of the consumer, developing the new products and analysis of economic indicators in which the operation of the firm is operating. There are various kinds of strategies which are basically focused on the distribution and promotion of techniques which is used when the product is sold to multicultural clients. There are some firms and companies which hire international advertising agencies that help in the development of the global marketing strategies. There are not only marketing strategies which is only focused, other than that product development, price policies, promotion and distribution channels also plays an important role in the Global Marketing strategies. Cultural Distinction in LOreal- As we already know about the LOreal which is one of the largest companies all over the world in the sector of all kind of cosmetics. There are many countries which consist of different cultures according to which the company, LOreal has to develop its products in a particular country. The total worth of the company LOreal in the year of 2005 was $18.89 billion which was huge and among the most successful cosmetics company around the world. There are exactly seventeen international brands around the globe and LOreal was ranked 49th by the survey conducted by the Business week among various brands in the month of August 2004. Around a decade ago, there was about 75% of the companys annual sales belongs from Europe and in 2004, 85% of the consolidated sales of the company were from the markets outside the France. The most important factor which affects the micro and macro global strategy is the influence from the cultural societies and the social environment which includes the factors like family structure, social class, consumption pattern, decision making and market segmentation or they will try to make some kind of partnership to make their marketing at the global level by the local company. There is a main concern regarding global strategist which is the level of material culture in each and every region. There is a demand of the limited product lines for the corporations or firms which are planning to invest in the material culture which is less advanced such as semi industrialized nations in which most probably demand is more towards limited product lines. The firms have to cope with the greater amount of time to accept new service, complicated distribution systems and simpler advertisements. There is another cultural influence other than the one discussed in the above parts that is Aesthetics which is a reference to the stylistics taste of the society. This is the important element for making decisions related to the advertisement, product designing and packaging and similarly the universal education level of the society will show us the complication of the promotions, products and packaging but there may be some impact on the strategy related with the distribution and supply channel which is staffed by the locals. There are many other social influences which are listed as consumer attitude with respect to risk taking, family organization, religion, material gain and various other factors which also contributes to the cultural influence of the company like LOreal. The LOreal has also strived to incorporate its total sales strategy into some other culture which can be result into failure. As we can take example of the General Motors which has met with the mishap that has attempted to market the Nova automobile in the Mexico and Spanish translation of Nova refers to the no go. There are many other examples regarding mishaps which have occurred in many companies with the variance of different cultures around the globe. As we talk about India which is also a multi cultural society, the brands like LOreal is adopting the local culture and preferences are also critical and there was a statement given by the LOreal Indias chief operating officer that Increment in the blockbusters have led to the innovation in the product for the country. LOreal was launched in the year 1997 when the company launched its professional products division and targeted on the largely unstructured hairdressing industry and sells its salon brand such as Kerastase, LOreal Professional and Matrix. There were around five regional training centres which were inaugurated to educate the salon owners and stylists and launched academy namely International Hairdressing Academy in Mumbai in 2006 which basically offers instructions related to the basic and advanced styling and there was a provision of regularly introduction of the international stylists to take workshops and seminars. There are various kinds of customers which are located in various location of the country which are targeted in which mainly luxury products are sold in the Indias cosmopolitan cities such as Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore instead of them there is a tough competition which can be seen in the segment of the small customers whether accessories, cosmetics and fragrances. There are many cultures in India which provide us better opportunities which can be seen in the cities like Ahmadabad and Aurangabad that are lacking in luxury products but the development is too fast which is the main target of the companies like LOreal. There was a setup of wholly owned Indian subsidiary operation in the year 1994 with the launching of the product of shampoo that is Garnier Ultra Doux shampoo. This was the period when there is explosion of television viewing and Indian women has taken great interest in the international beauty pageants but there were tangible changes which were visible only in few years ago when women has shown interest in joining the workforce. There were two key turning points which were Disposable income and exposure to globalized culture. (LOreal) The LOreal Company in India is the fastest growing subsidiary in the LOreal group and is around $200 million Company. In this emerging market there is lack of product penetration which provides us generous room for growth. There is launching of new manufacturing plants in India with the production capacity of around 100 million units a year. There is three division of LOreal in India which includes Consumer Products Division, Professional products division and Active cosmetics division. LOreal mainly focus on the young women which are prone towards the beauty in which its continuous efforts has been in the field of encouraging women to pursue their career in the field of Science, LOreal India which has been announced from seven consecutive years. There are various operations pursued in various countries which shows its multicultural attitude, that is, there are around 42 factories around the world, 46 billion units are manufactured and around 95 percent of the factories are ISO 14001- certified. There are various variations among the cultures around the world according to which there are different kind of demand from the company around the globe. There are many programs which are being run by the LOreal which supports many people which are disadvantaged, suffering from illness. There has been adoption of La vie, de Plus Belle by the association of cosmetic professional which has also supported most of the companies in and around the France but mainly it has focused in France only. In the year 2007, LOreal has founded a foundation which has provided funds to the Samusocial of Paris, which is a municipal emergency service that basically provides medical aid to the people who are homeless. There is such good work which is also conducted by the LOreal that has not only maintained its status in the marketing sector else they have developed their reputation in the social works also. (LOreals Global Branding Strategy) Conclusion- As we have seen about the LOreal which is a world class company with its registered office in Paris and has developed reputation in the field of cosmetics. They have mainly focused on the hair color, skin, hair care, make-up, sun protection except that company has also actively participated in the pharmaceutical and dermatological fields. There is an adoption of some techniques by the LOreal in order to enter in the market and competition, which basically injects its brand name with the vitality with the youth. It basically creates storms or we can say brainstorm of ideas. There is continuous 14th year of ruling by this company in the field of cosmetics and there are various chances given to the undergraduates in their last two years to become Brand Manager on one among the signature lines of the LOreal Company. There were two countries which were taken India and China in which the condition and status of the LOreal is discussed. There has been a cultural distinction which has been shown in the above paragraphs around the globe.

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe Overview On January 19, 1809, in Boston Massachusetts one of the world’s most distinguished writers was born. This writer’s name was Edgar Allan Poe, he was born the son of an actress and an actor . At the age of three, Poe’s mother gave him up to a prosperous merchant by the name of John Allan who took care of him until he began running into gambling problems at the school which he attended in Virginia. He only attended for one year due to these troubles. Poe than began to continue his studies in England and began to write. After Poe had finished his studies in England he came back to the States to enlist in the army. There he wrote and published his first book called Tamerlane and Other Poems at his own expense. After Poe’s leaving the army, with the help of John Allan and his fellow cadets he wrote his second book. In 1837, Poe went to New York in search of work and this is where he not only marries his cousin Virginia, but is also the p lace in time when his writing courier really launches. In 1847 Poes’ life becomes a disaster due to the death of his beloved wife, Virginia. Poe become absent minded and began drinking heavily. Edgar Allen Poe’s life experiences, particularly his repeated substance abuse and the loss of the women he loved, are evident in the stories that he wrote. Edgar Allan Poe Pg.1 On January 29, 1845, Poe’s most mystifying poem appeared, The Raven. This was a story that Poe wrote that helped us understand his feelings that were felt due to the loss of his wife(Double Day & Company). The words used to describe the raven in the story make the raven up to be death coming for him. The words such as "so faintly you cam tapping, tapping at my chamber door" show how the raven resembled death which took his wife away and will soon take him. Poe also described his heart ache by describing the ravens eyes as burning through his chest. Alcohol and drugs played a key role in the deep dark setting of this story. Also Poe had a fixation with the name Lanoro but nobody ever found out who she was, but men believe that it was Poe’s secret lover after the death of his wife. Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers Edgar Allan Poe Overview On January 19, 1809, in Boston Massachusetts one of the world’s most distinguished writers was born. This writer’s name was Edgar Allan Poe, he was born the son of an actress and an actor . At the age of three, Poe’s mother gave him up to a prosperous merchant by the name of John Allan who took care of him until he began running into gambling problems at the school which he attended in Virginia. He only attended for one year due to these troubles. Poe than began to continue his studies in England and began to write. After Poe had finished his studies in England he came back to the States to enlist in the army. There he wrote and published his first book called Tamerlane and Other Poems at his own expense. After Poe’s leaving the army, with the help of John Allan and his fellow cadets he wrote his second book. In 1837, Poe went to New York in search of work and this is where he not only marries his cousin Virginia, but is also the p lace in time when his writing courier really launches. In 1847 Poes’ life becomes a disaster due to the death of his beloved wife, Virginia. Poe become absent minded and began drinking heavily. Edgar Allen Poe’s life experiences, particularly his repeated substance abuse and the loss of the women he loved, are evident in the stories that he wrote. Edgar Allan Poe Pg.1 On January 29, 1845, Poe’s most mystifying poem appeared, The Raven. This was a story that Poe wrote that helped us understand his feelings that were felt due to the loss of his wife(Double Day & Company). The words used to describe the raven in the story make the raven up to be death coming for him. The words such as "so faintly you cam tapping, tapping at my chamber door" show how the raven resembled death which took his wife away and will soon take him. Poe also described his heart ache by describing the ravens eyes as burning through his chest. Alcohol and drugs played a key role in the deep dark setting of this story. Also Poe had a fixation with the name Lanoro but nobody ever found out who she was, but men believe that it was Poe’s secret lover after the death of his wife.

The Variety of Characters in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Variety of Characters in Othello  Ã‚   William Shakespeare has many ways of illustrating his characters through way of dialogue and language patterns. This is his trademark and it is his ultimate strategy for drawing his reader closer, until they are completely immersed in his play. In Othello we see that a character like Iago has been given a very rough and coldhearted aura about him, which in time shows us as readers how cruel he really is. On the contrary Othello himself is rather noble in his speech, but overall just as clever. These characters are clever in their own separate ways: Othello in living a double life of both war and love (which seems to keep him tied to the battlefield, a danger zone) and Iago is clever in his ways of manipulating an entire lot of people to get what he wants. Any excerpt from the play Othello shows how clever Shakespeare is in his own ways, writing traits that cannot be ignored.    A good example of witty Shakespearean playwriting is in the opening Act of Othello- Act I, Scene i., pg. 78-92. The use of language in this Scene is so classic- for example the way Iago and Roderigo play off of each other in speech. Their goal in the middle of the night is to wake Brabantio (Desdemona's father) and tell him of the extravagant affair between Othello and her daughter. In the streets of Venice these men holler their way up to his chambers, arising him to the balcony. Shakespeare's choice of speech is so affective, and so perfect.    Roderigo: Signor (a question of his authority), is all your Family within? Iago: Are your Doors locked? (Instigating panic) [Roderigo/Iago:I.i.87-89]    Shakespeare's choice of words here is beautiful in its shrewdness, and in so many ways affective. Iago in particular seems to push the situation, and operate the conversation as he always does. He goes on to tell Brabantio his state of confusion and in many ways hypnotize the poor man.    Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul†¦an old black Ram is tupping your white Ewe. [Iago:I.i.89-91]    Shakespeare gives Iago's character such filth, such a stench in the air about him that you can smell it while reading. Here is a character in Othello that is hard to understand, and there have been many views taken on his role.

First impressions of Iago and Othello Essay

In the play Othello, our first impression suggests that Iago and Othello are portrayed as having somewhat opposite qualities. Iago is first shown to be false and pretentious. Even though he says â€Å"I will wear my heart upon my sleeve†, giving the impression that he shows all his emotions willingly, he is then shown to be quite secretive and deceitful, plotting against Othello, Casio and Rodriguo, emphasising his ambitious nature. Furthermore we get the impression that he is spiteful and racist, building up his hatred and jealousy towards Othello, â€Å"I hate the Moor†. We also get the impression that Iago is manipulative. Firstly, he promises Rodriguo Desdemona in return for his aid, luring him into his grasp using one of Rodriguo’s desires, â€Å"It cannot be long that Desdemona should continue her love to the Moor – put money in thy purse†. This effectively turns Rodriguo into a tool for Iago’s deeds. Following that, he uses his trust to manipulate Othello into becoming suspicious of Desdemona, and undermining his faith in his wife. Another one of Iago’s main features that we are presented with is that he is quite devious and cunning. He says himself: â€Å"I am not what I am†, and in his soliloquies he contemplates his cunning plans, â€Å"†¦ to plume up my will in double knavery. How? How? Let’s see†. Despite this, Othello still refers to him as â€Å"Honest Iago†. Othello, on the other hand, is shown to be a much more simple man, who is eloquent and much more admired. We get the impression that he looks for a sensible, balanced explanation for things. However his simple nature acts as a catalyst to produce many of his weaknesses. His lack of confidence in social situations causes him to become over-trusting and naà ¯ve, leading to his poor judgment. He does not suspect Iago at all, and overlooks the possibility that Iago may not be acting in Othello’s interest, referring to him as â€Å"A man †¦of honesty and trust†.